Algorithmic Sovereignty in South Asia: India’s Use of AI in the 2025 Border Conflict

Abstract

This article explores the operational deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) by the Indian military during the May 2025 border conflict with Pakistan. It examines how indigenous AI systems—ranging from autonomous drones to predictive logistics—were utilized for real-time battlefield advantage. By situating these technologies within India’s strategic doctrine and industrial base, the paper offers an empirical foundation for understanding AI-enabled military sovereignty in the Global South. Further, the article critically assesses the role of AI within strategic decision-making, operational infrastructure, and future readiness frameworks. It contributes to the literature on emerging military technologies, defence innovation, and techno-nationalism.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Military Sovereignty, Battlefield Advantage, Techno-nationalism, Defence Innovation