Airpower in the Battle of the Bulge: A Case for Effects-Based Operations?

Abstract

This article assesses the efficacy of Effects-Based Operation by examining the Battle of the Bulge by relating the course and consequences of that campaign to an ongoing doctrinal debate in the American armed forces over a concept known as EBO to determine the extent to which the evidence of using airpower in the Bulge confirms, qualifies, or refutes the tenets of EBO.